Let's say I use a Udoo x86 as an embedded device. I want to make it "permanent". Is there a way to protect the flash memory by making it read only in a hard way? (I wish for it to be as simple as a jumper pin.) The reason for this is I want to protect it so the the end users can unplug and replugg the power without them needing to think about ut graceful shutdowns. And not needing to worry about storage corruption.
There is no known jumper. The best way is to use the Linux overlay module (overlayroot, overlayfs) to protect your OS from write actions. See for example for Ubuntu 18.04 https://www.iol.unh.edu/blog/2019/12/20/utilizing-overlayfs-public-ci-bare-metal-testing
Also note that part of that raw disk (emmc mapped) is partitioned as swap which needs to have R/W actions. I.e., can't make the entire eMMC CDROM like.